What is the primary role of melanin in the skin?

Melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) rays. It absorbs UV radiation and transforms it into harmless heat, thereby preventing damage to the DNA in skin cells and reducing the risk of skin cancers. This protective mechanism is essential, especially for individuals who may be more prone to sunburn or skin damage due to lighter skin tones.

Additionally, melanin contributes to skin pigmentation, which can vary among individuals based on genetic factors and environmental exposure. The more melanin present, the darker the skin tone tends to be, which can provide a natural defense against UV exposure. While hydration, skin texture, and temperature regulation are important aspects of skin health, they do not fall under the primary functions of melanin.