What type of cells are Merkel cells, which function as touch receptors?

Merkel cells are specialized cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis, primarily associated with the sensory system. They are indeed classified as sensory cells due to their role in mechanoreception, specifically in the detection of light touch and tactile stimuli. These cells are part of the somatosensory system, working in conjunction with sensory nerve endings to transmit information about mechanical pressure and texture to the brain.

Merkel cells play a vital role in the sensation process, as they release neurotransmitters upon mechanical stimulation, which in turn activates nearby nerve fibers. This unique function helps differentiate them from other cell types in the skin, such as keratinocytes, which are primarily responsible for the formation and maintenance of the skin's protective barrier, or adipose cells, which store fat and play a role in energy metabolism.

The importance of Merkel cells in touch sensitivity makes them critical for the perception of fine details and textures, underscoring their classification as sensory cells in the context of skin anatomy and physiology.