Which of the following is considered an effect of extrinsic aging?

The concept of extrinsic aging relates to the aging effects on the skin that are primarily attributed to external factors, such as sun exposure, pollution, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences.

Each of the effects listed contributes to the visible signs of aging that are classified as extrinsic. Loss of collagen is a fundamental change that occurs due to various external factors like UV exposure and smoking, which break down the collagen in the skin. Skin dryness can be caused by environmental conditions, such as low humidity or excessive sun exposure, leading to a compromised skin barrier. Wrinkles are visible signs of aging that result from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors; however, the significant contribution of sun damage and other environmental factors makes them an effect of extrinsic aging.

Choosing all of these effects collectively highlights how they interrelate, as they can all be exacerbated by extrinsic influences. Understanding these effects is essential for estheticians when developing treatment plans that address the various signs of aging.